• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    specimen plate, method for assaying one or more analytes of interest in the sample, kit for performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure, kit for performing a nucleic acid probe procedure, and method for manufacturing a Sample The present invention relates to a sample plate which is shown comprising a plurality of sample wells (19). each sample well (19) comprises a plurality of pockets (21) into which reagent beads or microspheres (20a, 20b) are inserted by a bead dispenser or reagent microsphere. reagent beads or microspheres may be coated with an antibody or antigen allowing multiplexed elisa procedures to be performed. alternatively, the reagent beads may be coated with a dna or rna sequence to act as a hybridization probe to test for the presence of a complementary dna or rna sequence.
    公开号:BR112012002099B1
    申请号:R112012002099
    申请日:2010-07-29
    公开日:2019-12-03
    发明作者:Bunce Adrian；Fusellier Andrew
    申请人:Dynex Tech Inc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    “FUEL CELL SYSTEM AND SAME CONTROL METHOD” REFERENCE TO CORRELATE DEPOSIT APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-177746, filed on July 30, 2009, with the entire description of the Application Japanese Patent No. 2009-177746 incorporated herein by reference.
    BACKGROUND
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates, in general, to a fuel cell system and a control method that serves to raise the temperature of a fuel cell used in the fuel cell system.
    BACKGROUND INFORMATION
    A fuel cell system is an electricity generation system in which hydrogen (which serves as a fuel) and air (which serves as an oxidizer) are supplied to a fuel cell in order to allow an electrochemical reaction to occur in the fuel cell. fuel to generate electricity. An example of this type of fuel cell system is described in Japanese Patent Application open for public inspection No. 2005-166439. The fuel cell system described in Japanese Patent Application open for public inspection No. 2005-166439 uses a solid electrolyte fuel cell in which an anode is provided on one side of a solid electrolyte, while a cathode is provided on the other side. Air is supplied as an oxidizing gas to the cathode while fuel gas is supplied to the anode. The energy is generated by reacting the combustible gas with the air. The fuel cell system is configured having a starting combustion chamber that serves to reform or partially burn the fuel gas introduced from the outside during the start and supply the resulting gas as a reduction gas to the anode. A combustion chamber exhaust gas is provided to burn the exhaust gas from the anode discharged from the anode side, while a heat exchanger is provided to heat the air with the heat produced from the combustion gas chamber. exhaustion.
    SUMMARY
    It was found that in the fuel cell system described in Japanese Patent Application open for public inspection No. 2005-166439, the anode gas effluent discharged from the anode is burned and the fuel cell is heated by the air that had its temperature increased by the heat of the gas, however, the heat from the exhaust gas discharged from the cathode was not used. Likewise, there is an issue in which carbon deposition can be caused at the anode by providing rich flue gas having a comparatively low temperature at the anode. This configuration does not take this carbon deposition into account.
    An objective of the present description is to provide a fuel cell system and / or a method by which the heat from the exhaust gas that is discharged from is effectively used to raise the temperature of the fuel cell while avoiding partial damage and other problems caused by temperature changes, and avoid carbon deposition at the anode.
    With regard to the state of the art, an aspect of the present description is to provide a fuel cell system which basically comprises a fuel cell, a first combustion chamber, a first heating gas return channel and a supplier of gas. The fuel cell includes a solid electrolyte cell with an anode and a cathode. The fuel cell is configured to generate energy by reacting a gas containing hydrogen and a gas containing oxygen. The first combustion chamber is arranged to selectively supply a heating gas to the cathode of the fuel cell. The first heating gas return channel is arranged to mix at least part of the exhaust gas discharged from the cathode with the heating gas of the first combustion chamber, in such a way that a mixed heating gas of the exhaust gas of the cathode and heating gas from the first combustion chamber are supplied to the cathode. The gas supplier is connected to the first heating gas return channel to supply the exhaust gas from the cathode in order to mix with the heating gas of the first combustion chamber.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    Referring now to the attached drawings that form part of this o-riginal description: FIGURE 1 is a schematic block diagram of a fuel cell system configuration according to a first embodiment; FIGURE 2 is a schematic block diagram of a fuel cell system controller according to the first embodiment; FIGURE 3 is a flow chart of a fuel cell temperature rise method performed by the fuel cell controller used in the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment; FIGURE 4 is a schematic block diagram of a fuel cell system configuration according to a second embodiment; FIGURE 5 is a schematic block diagram of a fuel cell system controller according to the second embodiment; FIGURE 6 is a flow chart of a fuel cell temperature rise method performed by the fuel cell controller used in the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment; FIGURE 7 is a schematic block diagram of a fuel cell system configuration according to a third embodiment; FIGURE 8 is a schematic block diagram of a fuel cell system controller according to the third embodiment; FIGURE 9 is a flow chart of a fuel cell temperature rise method performed by the fuel cell controller used in the fuel cell system according to the third embodiment; FIGURE 10 is a schematic block diagram of a fuel cell system configuration according to a fourth embodiment; FIGURE 11 is a schematic block diagram of a fuel cell system controller according to the fourth embodiment; and FIGURE 12 is a flow chart of a fuel cell temperature rise method performed by the fuel cell controller used in the fuel cell system according to the fourth embodiment.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE MODALITIES
    The selected modalities will be explained with reference to the drawings. It will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this description that the following descriptions of the modalities are provided for the purpose of illustration only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
    Referring initially to FIGURE 1, a schematic block diagram of a A1 fuel cell system is illustrated according to a first embodiment. As noted in FIGURE 1, fuel cell system A1 includes, among other things, a controller B, an air blower 1, a fuel pump 2 and a fuel cell 10. In the illustrated embodiment, fuel cell 10 is a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) in which an oxygen ion conductor (oxide ion conductor) is used as an electrolyte 11. In the illustrated embodiment, electrolyte 11 has an anode 12 provided on one side of the electrolyte 11 and a cathode 13 provided on the other side of electrolyte 11. In the illustrated embodiment, electrolyte 11 has a plurality of solid electrolyte cells 14 with anode 12 and cathode 13 being located on opposite sides of the solid electrolyte cells 14. Specifically , in the illustrated embodiment, the solid electrolyte cells 14 are stacked so as to form a cell stack 15 with anode 12 and cathode 13 being located on opposite sides of the stack a of cells 15. For the sake of illustration, cell stack 15 is described in a simplified way in FIGURE 1 showing only a single cell of solid electrolyte cells 14. A temperature sensor 16 is arranged in cell stack 15 for acquire temperature data from cell stack 15. Temperature data acquired by temperature sensor 16 is input to controller B.
    Generally speaking, the energy in the fuel cell 10 is generated by reacting the fuel gas with air. Solid electrolyte cells 14 consist of an electrical energy generation system that generates electrical energy by separately supplying gas containing hydrogen, which serves as a fuel, and gas containing oxygen, which serves as an oxidizer to allow an electrochemical reaction to occur in the fuel cell. In particular, in the illustrated embodiment, the A1 fuel cell system can use, for example, "ethane, butane, natural gas, and other suitable gases" such as "hydrogen containing gas" which is supplied as fuel to anode 12 It is preferred to use ethanol, butanol, or other alcohol. However, in cases of the A1 fuel cell system being used in vehicles, such as automobiles or other mobile units, gasoline, die-sel oil, light oil, or other liquid fuel, may be particularly useful in such cases. However, fuel is not limited to these examples. Likewise, in the illustrated embodiment, the A1 fuel cell system uses “air” as an example of the “oxygen-containing gas” that is supplied as an oxidizing gas to the cathode 13.
    As also seen in FIGURE 1, fuel cell system A1 includes, among other things, a first combustion chamber 20, a reformer 30, a heat exchanger 40, a gas supplier 50 and a third combustion chamber 70. Air blower 1 is configured and arranged to supply gas containing pure oxygen to the first combustion chamber 20 and reformer 30. Fuel pump 2 is configured and arranged to supply fuel to the first combustion chamber 20. The rotational speeds of the blower air 1 and fuel pump 2 are controlled by controller B in order to increase and decrease their rotational speeds as needed. The controller B of the fuel cell system illustrated in FIGURE 1 is schematically illustrated in FIGURE 2. In the illustrated embodiment, as discussed above, the exhaust gas discharged from anode 12 of the fuel cell system A1 is effectively used to raise the temperature of the fuel cell 10 while avoiding partial damage and other problems caused by temperature changes in the fuel cell 10, and to prevent carbon deposition. The first combustion chamber 20 performs the function of producing heating gas at high temperature. High temperature heating gas is produced by mixing and burning a mixture of fuel and air. Air is supplied to the first combustion chamber 20 through a supply pipe 1a which is fluidly connected between the intake side of the first combustion chamber 20 and the air blower 1. Fuel is supplied to the first combustion chamber 20 through a supply pipe 2a which is fluidly connected between the intake side of the first combustion chamber 20 and the fuel pump 2.
    On the discharge side of the first combustion chamber 20, a supply pipe 20a is fluidly connected between the discharge side and the cathode inlet side 13 of the fuel cell 10. The supply pipe 20a is designed to supply the heating gas produced by the first combustion chamber 20 to cathode 13. On the discharge side of cathode 13, there is a discharge pipe 13a that serves to discharge the exhaust heating gas discharged from cathode 13 out of the fuel cell system. fuel A1. Crossing between the supply pipe 20a and the discharge pipe 13a is a return channel or pipe 17. In this embodiment, the return pipe 17 constitutes a first return channel for e-exhaust gas. The return pipe 17 is configured and arranged to mix part of the exhaust heating gas discharged from cathode 13 with the heating gas supplied from the first combustion chamber 20 to cathode 13. Specifically, the leading end return tube 17 is interconnected to the discharge tube 13a, and the return end end is interconnected to the supply tube 20a. The gas supplier 50 is arranged in the return channel 17. The gas supplier 50 performs the function of supplying exhaust heating gas flowing in the return tube 17 up to cathode 13. In the present embodiment, the gas supplier 50 is a air blower. Specifically, the mixed heating gas is produced by mixing the exhaust heating gas discharged from cathode 13 with the heating gas supplied from the first combustion chamber 20, and the resulting mixed heating gas is supplied to the cathode 13 by the return tube 17 and by the gas supplier 50. A temperature sensor 19 is arranged on the gas supplier 50 to acquire temperature data of the exhaust heating gas supplied from the gas supplier 50. The data of temperature acquired by this temperature sensor 19 are inserted into controller B. The reformer 30 is configured and arranged to reform the fuel gas supplied to anode 12 of the fuel cell 10 in a normal operating mode described below. A supply pipe 2b is fluidly connected between the intake side of the reformer 30 and the outlet side of the fuel pump 2 that serves to supply fuel to the reformer 30. A supply pipe 1b is fluidly connected between the intake side of the reformer 30 and the air blower 1 which serves to supply air to the reformer 30. A supply pipe 30a is fluidly connected between the supply side of the reformer 30 and the intake side of anode 12 such that the reformed combustible gas supplied from the reformer 30 is supplied to anode 12. The reformer 30 can be provided with a temperature sensor 30b that serves to acquire temperature data from the reformer 30 as needed and / or desired.
    On the discharge side of anode 12, a discharge tube 12a is provided to supply the exhaust fuel gas discharged to the third combustion chamber 70. The third combustion chamber 70 performs the function of producing heating gas at high temperature by mixing a mixture of fuel air-fuel and pure air or exhaust heating gas discharged from anode 12. and the discharge tube 12a is fluidly connected between the intake side of the third combustion chamber 70 and the discharge side of anode 12. Between the discharge side of the third combustion chamber 70 and the intake side of the heat exchanger 40 there is a supply pipe 12b, which consists of a heating gas supply channel that serves to supply the heating gas produced by the third combustion chamber 70 to the heat exchanger 40. The heat exchanger 40 is arranged adjacent to the reformer 30 in such a way that an exchange takes place heat between them. The heat exchanger 40 is designed so that it is supplied with part of the flue gas resulting from the exhaust fuel gas supplied from the anode 12 through the supply pipe 12b being burned by the third combustion chamber 70. On the discharge of the heat exchanger 40 a discharge tube 40a is provided to discharge the exhaust fuel gas out of the system after the gas has been used in the heat exchange.
    In the present mode, during a temperature rise to raise the temperature of the fuel cell 10 to an operable temperature (during start-up or temperature rise mode), the reformer 30, the heat exchanger 40, and the third heating chamber combustion described above do not operate, and fuel gas is not supplied to anode 12. Therefore, the temperature rise mode is only carried out until the temperature of the fuel cell 10 reaches its prescribed operating temperature.
    In the illustrated embodiment, controller B includes a microcomputer with a CPU (central processing unit), an interface circuit, storage devices, such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) device and a RAM (Random Access Memory) device. and other conventional components (not shown). The microcomputer of controller B is programmed to control the other components of the fuel cell system A1 as discussed earlier. The memory circuit stores the processing results and the control programs that are executed by the processor circuit. The internal RAM of controller B stores the states of operational indicators and various control data. The internal ROM of controller B stores various data prescribed for various operations. Controller B includes one or more programs that are used in the operation of the A1 fuel cell system. By executing these programs, controller B performs the following functions: (1) measure the temperature of the exhaust heating gas flowing through the return pipe 17; (2) measure the flow rate of the exhaust heating gas flowing through the return pipe 17; (3) adjust the fuel and air flow rates of the fuel and air delivered to the first combustion chamber 20 based on the flow rate and temperature of the exhaust heating gas flowing through the return pipe 17 in such a way so that the heating gas supplied to the cathode 13 reaches a predetermined temperature; (4) supplying fuel and gas containing oxygen with a flow rate adjusted to the first combustion chamber 20; (5) measure the temperature of the fuel cell 10; (6) adjusting the temperature of the heating gas supplied to the cathode 13 of the fuel cell 10 based on the temperatures of the exhaust heating gas flowing through the fuel cell 10 and the return pipe 17; (7) determining whether the temperature of the fuel cell 10 has reached a predetermined value or not; and (8) switch from the temperature rise mode to the normal operating mode when it is determined that the temperature of the fuel cell 10 has reached the predetermined value. It will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this description that the precise structure and algorithms for controller B can be any combination of hardware and / or software that will perform the described functions. The programming and / or hardware of controller B used to perform the function of measuring the temperature of the exhaust heating gas flowing through the return pipe 17 is referred to as a “first measurement section of the exhaust heating gas B1 . ”In the present mode, the temperature of the exhaust heating gas is measured based on the temperature data acquired by temperature sensor 19. The programming and / or hardware of controller B used to perform the function of measuring the flow rate of the exhaust heating gas flowing through the return pipe 17 are referred to as a “first measurement section of the exhaust gas flow rate B2.” The first measurement section of the flow rate of a gas -Exhaust heating B2 measures the flow rate of the exhaust heating gas from the rotational speed of the blower and the amount of gas that can be blown by a blower rotation, according to the design of the gas supplier 50. The programming and / or hardware of controller B used to perform the function of adjusting the flow rates of the fuel and air supplied to the first combustion chamber 20 are referred to as a “flow rate adjustment section B3.” The term “predetermined temperature” refers to a temperature at which fuel cell 10 will not be damaged by thermal coke, based on the current temperature of fuel cell 10. Programming and / or controller B hardware used to perform the function of supplying fuel and gas containing oxygen with a flow rate adjusted to the first combustion chamber 20 are referred to as a “B4 fuel gas supply section.” In the present embodiment, the The supply is carried out by rotating and activating the air blower 1 and the fuel pump 2. The programming and / or hardware of the controller or B used to perform the function of measuring the temperature of the fuel cell 10 are referred to as a “B5 cell temperature measurement section.” In the present embodiment, the temperature of the fuel cell 10 is measured based on the temperature data acquired by temperature sensor 16. The programming and / or hardware of controller B used to perform the temperature adjustment function of the heating gas supplied to cathode 13 is referred to as a “B6 gas temperature adjustment section.” In this mode, the temperature of the heating gas is adjusted to increase over time to a target temperature. The programming and / or hardware of controller B used to perform the function of determining whether the temperature of the fuel cell 10 has reached a predetermined value or not is referred to as a “B7 cell temperature determination section.” The programming and / or controller B hardware used to perform the switching function from temperature rise mode to normal operating mode when it is determined that the fuel cell temperature 10 has reached the predetermined value are referred to as a “mode switching section B8. ”Depending on the use in question, the term“ temperature rise mode ”refers to the action of raising the temperature of the fuel cell 10 to an operating temperature as previously described. Depending on the use in question, the term “normal operating mode” refers to an operational state in the fuel cell 10 that has reached the operating temperature to induce energy generation in the fuel cell 10. The cell temperature rise method of fuel used in fuel cell system A1 having the configuration described above is described with reference to FIGURE 3. FIGURE 3 is a flow chart showing the temperature rise method of the fuel cell used in fuel cell system A1. The temperature rise method used in the A1 fuel cell system includes at least measuring the temperature of the exhaust heating gas flowing through the first channel or return pipe for exhaust heating gas 17, adjusting the flow rates of the exhaust gas containing oxygen and the fuel burned by the first combustion chamber 20 in such a way that the new heating gas supplied from the first combustion chamber 20 to cathode 13 reaches a predetermined temperature, and supply the fuel and gas containing oxygen at rates of flow to the first combustion chamber 20. The details of this will be described below.
    Referring to the flowchart in FIGURE 3, the process is now discussed. In step S1, the process of raising the temperature of the fuel cell 10 for a starting operation begins, and then the process proceeds to step S2.
    In step S2, the exhaust heating gas (poor e-exhaust gas) discharged from cathode 13 is passed through the return tube 17, with the circulation return supply being carried out at a constant flow rate .
    The predetermined quantities of fuel and air are supplied and burned in the first combustion chamber 20 to produce a new heating gas, which is mixed with the exhaust heating gas supplied back through the return pipe 17 to produce the heating gas mixed at a predetermined temperature, which is supplied to cathode 13.
    In step S3, the temperature of the exhaust heating gas circulated through the return pipe 17 and the temperature of the fuel cell 10 are measured.
    In step S4, the temperature of the new heating gas supplied to the fuel cell 10 is adjusted. At this point, the heating gas of a predetermined temperature is adjusted to a temperature at which the fuel cell 10 described above is not damaged by thermal shock, based on the current temperature of the fuel cell 10. This predetermined temperature is appropriately adjusted in view of the thermal capacity of the fuel cell 10 and the flow rate of the supplied heating gas, that is, the thermal capacity of the heating gas. heating.
    In step S5, the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the fuel cell 10 to the predetermined temperature is calculated from the flow rate and the specific heat of the exhaust heating gas circulated back, and the rates are determined flow rate between the fuel and the air required in the first combustion chamber 20 in order to produce this amount of heat. Since the heating gas is supplied to cathode 13, the heating gas is preferably a poor combustion gas having oxidizing properties. Specifically, the gas is subjected to poor combustion in a ratio between air and fuel equal to 1 to 1.2.
    In step S6, the quantities of fuel and air circulated are supplied to the first combustion chamber 20.
    In step S7, the heating gas produced by the first combustion chamber 20 is mixed with the exhaust heating gas, and the heating gas (mixed heating gas) of a predetermined temperature is supplied to fuel cell 1. Thus , this mixed heating gas raises the temperature of the fuel cell 10.
    As previously described, since the temperature of the heating gas supplied to the fuel cell 10 is adjusted according to the temperature of the fuel cell 10, the temperature of the fuel cell 10 is high and the temperature of the supplied heating gas is also increased. gradually adjusted to a progressively higher temperature. The temperature of the mixed heating gas supplied to the fuel cell 10 is attributed to an upper limit temperature in consideration of the thermal resistance of the structural members. For example, in the present embodiment, the upper limit temperature is 800 ° C. Specifically, the adjusted temperature of the heating gas gradually increases to 800 ° C, after which, the temperature of the heating gas supplied to the fuel cell 10 will continue to be maintained at 800 ° C. The exhaust heating gas discharged from the fuel cell 10 provides heat to the fuel cell 10, and the gas is also discharged at approximately the same temperature as the fuel cell 10. Therefore, since the temperature of the heating gas of circulation exhaust rises with the temperature rise in the fuel cell 10, the amount of combustion in the first combustion chamber 20 is regulated according to the difference between the adjusted temperature of the heating gas supplied to the fuel cell 10 and the temperature of the circulating exhaust heating gas, the amount of the heating gas that mixes with the circulating exhaust heating gas, and the amount of the mixed gas being supplied to the fuel cell 10. In this way, the heating gas is supplied to raise the temperature of the fuel cell 10 until the fuel cell 10 reaches a t operating temperature.
    In step S8, a decision is made as to whether fuel cell 10 has reached operating temperature or not. Once it is determined that the operating temperature of the fuel cell 10 has been reached, the process proceeds to the S9 cover. Otherwise, the process returns to step S2 until the operating temperature of fuel cell 10 has been reached.
    In step S9, the heating temperature rise operation ends, and the normal operating mode is restored. According to the configuration described above, since the circulated combustible gas (exhaust heating gas) is discharged from the cathode at room temperature or higher, a smaller amount than heat, that is, a smaller amount of burnt fuel is required in order to produce the fuel gas at the same flow rate compared to using fresh, pure air as normal secondary air. Therefore, fuel consumption during temperature rise can be considerably reduced.
    Considering the use of residual heat, it would be possible to recover only the residual heat with the heat exchanger without circulating the exhaust fuel gas. However, since the heat exchanger itself has a low temperature during a temperature rise process, first, a certain amount of heat will be used to heat the heat exchanger. If a start-up operation is assumed to occur suddenly (that is, the temperature suddenly rises), a large amount of flue gas will be supplied to the fuel cell, and an extremely large heat exchanger will be required in order to recover the residual heat from the large amount of flue gas. Therefore, the thermal capacity of the heat exchanger increases, and even if the heat exchanger is used for the purpose of recovering the residual heat during the temperature rise, the rate of recovery of the residual heat will not increase because of the amount of heat required. to preheat the heat exchanger.
    Referring now to FIGURES 4 to 6, a A2 fuel cell system is explained according to a second modality. In view of the similarity between the first and the second embodiments, the parts of the A2 fuel cell system of the second embodiment that are identical to the parts of the first embodiment will be provided with the same numerical references as the parts of the first embodiment. In addition, descriptions of parts of the second modality that are identical to parts of the first modality have been omitted for the sake of brevity. FIGURE 4 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the A2 fuel cell system according to the second embodiment. FIGURE 5 is a schematic block diagram showing the functions of controller B that forms part of the fuel cell system A2 according to the second embodiment. FIGURE 6 is a flow chart showing the method of raising the temperature of the fuel cell 10 that is used in the fuel cell system A2. In addition to the configuration shown in the fuel cell system A1 according to the first embodiment described above, the fuel cell system A2 according to the second embodiment also includes a second combustion chamber 60, a flow rate adjustment valve 61 and a temperature sensor 62. Likewise, reformer 30, heat exchanger 40, and third combustion chamber 70 are not used in this embodiment. The second combustion chamber 60 performs the function of producing heating gas at high temperature. The second combustion chamber 60 mixes and burns the air supplied through the supply pipe 1b from the air blower 1 with the fuel supplied through the supply pipe 2b from the fuel pump 2 to produce the heating gas at high temperature. The discharge side of the second combustion chamber 60 is fluidly connected to a supply pipe 60a to supply the produced heating gas to anode 12 of the fuel cell 10. The flow rate regulating valve 61 is arranged in the supply pipe. 13a. A return channel or pipe 61a is fluidly connected between the flow rate regulating valve 61 and the supply pipe 60a. In this embodiment, the return pipe 61a constitutes a second return channel for exhaust heating gas. The flow rate regulating valve 61 is operationally connected to the outlet side of controller B in such a way that controller B selectively opens and closes the flow rate regulating valve 61. Specifically, according to a opening / closing actuation emitted from controller B, the flow rate adjustment valve 61 directs an appropriate amount of the exhaust heating gas to flow through the return pipe 61a. More specifically, the return pipe 61a is formed for the purpose of circulating the exhaust heating gas discharged from cathode 13 to anode 12. In particular, at least part of the excess exhaust heating gas is not circulated back to cathode 13 and redirected to mix with the heating gas produced by the second combustion chamber 60. In this way, a mixture of the exhaust heating gas discharged from cathode 13 and the heating gas produced by the second combustion chamber 60 are inserted into anode 12. Temperature sensor 62 is used to acquire temperature data from the exhaust heating gas flowing through the return pipe 61a. Temperature sensor 62 is connected to the input side of controller B. In other words, temperature data acquired from exhaust heating gas flowing through the return pipe 61a are inserted into controller B.
    In this embodiment, controller B includes one or more programs that are used in the operation of the A2 fuel cell system. In a similar way to the first modality discussed above, by executing these programs, controller B performs the functions of the first exhaust gas heating temperature measurement section B1, the first measurement of the heating gas flow rate of exhaust B2, flow rate adjustment section B3, fuel gas supply section B4, cell temperature measurement section B5, gas temperature adjustment section B6, cell temperature determination section B7 and the B8 mode switching section. However, in this mode, in addition to these functions, controller B also performs the following functions: (1) measure the flow rate of the exhaust heating gas supplied to anode 12; (2) measure the temperature of the exhaust heating gas; and (3) adjusting the flow rates between the fuel and the air burned in the second combustion chamber 60 in such a way that a ratio between steam (for example, water vapor) and carbon (S / C ratio) and temperature the fuel gas supplied to anode 12 reach predetermined values based on the flow rate and temperature of the exhaust heating gas discharged from cathode 13 and supplied to anode 12. The programming and / or hardware of controller B used to perform the The function of measuring the flow rate between the supplied exhaust heating gas and anode 12 a through return pipe 61a is referred to as a “second measurement section of the exhaust heating gas flow rate B9.” A programming and / or hardware of controller B used to perform the function of measuring the temperature of the exhaust heating gas flowing through the return pipe 61a are referred to as a “second temperature measurement section of the exhaust heating gas B10. ”The programming and / or hardware of controller B used to carry out the function of adjusting the flow rates between the fuel and the air burned in the second combustion chamber 60 such that the ratio S / C and the fuel gas temperature delivered to anode 12 to reach predetermined values are referred to as a “second flow rate adjustment section B11.” The method of raising the temperature of a fuel cell using the fuel cell system fuel A2 having the configuration described above is described with reference to FIGURE 6. FIGURE 6 is a flow chart showing the method of raising the temperature of the fuel cell used in the A2 fuel cell system.
    In the present embodiment, the flow rates of the fuel and air supplied to the first combustion chamber 20 are regulated in such a way that the mixed heating gas supplied to cathode 13 reaches a predetermined temperature based on the flow rate and gas temperature exhaust heating valve flowing through the return pipe 17, which is similar to the fuel cell system A1 described above.
    In step Sa1, the process of raising the temperature of the fuel cell 10 for a starting operation is initiated, and the process proceeds to step Sa2.
    In step Sa2, the flow rate is adjusted for the distribution of the exhaust heating gas (poor exhaust flue gas) discharged from cathode 13 to the return pipe 61a. Specifically, the exhaust heating gas supplied to anode 12 has oxidation reduction properties in order to prevent oxidation of anode 12. The reduction exhaust heating gas is provided with a certain amount of water vapor. for the purpose of causing carbon deposition at anode 12. Reduction exhaust heating gas is also supplied while being set to a predetermined temperature in order not to cause a thermal shock in the fuel cell 10. Aiming to carry out these results , the exhaust heating gas discharged from cathode 13 is used without being recirculated through cathode 13.
    As previously described, the exhaust heating gas flowing in the return pipe 61a has a low oxygen concentration. By mixing the exhaust heating gas from the return pipe 61a with the new heating gas produced from a rich combustion in the second combustion chamber 60 before being introduced into anode 12, the resulting mixed heating gas will have properties of oxidation reduction. Since the exhaust heating gas discharged from cathode 13 also contains a high concentration of water vapor, it is possible to provide sufficient water vapor concentration to prevent carbon deposition caused by the heating gas mixed in the anode 12. Using the exhaust heating gas supplied from cathode 13 as the temperature regulation gas for the new heating gas produced by the second combustion chamber 60, it is possible to supply anode 12 with heating gas of exhaust that has reducing properties, without risk of carbon deposition, and also the desired temperature. In the same way, it is possible to properly adjust the amount of excess exhaust heating gas discharged without being circulated through the return pipe 17. In order to avoid oxidation of anode 12, the fuel gas having the minimum reduction properties required is preferably provided. Therefore, the flow rate of exhaust heating gas supplied from cathode 13 is preferably adjusted to a small amount. In addition, in cases where the temperature of the fuel cell 10 is suddenly raised, the supply of a large amount of heating gas is also efficient to anode 12, and the flow rate of exhaust heating gas supplied from the cathode 13, is therefore adjusted to a high rate.
    As with the cathode 13 cases, the amount of combustion in the second combustion chamber 60 required to raise the temperature of the exhaust heating gas supplied from cathode 13 to the predetermined temperature is adjusted based on the predetermined temperature of the exhaust gas. heating supplied to the fuel cell 10. The predetermined temperature of the heating gas supplied to anode 12 can be adjusted independently of cathode 13, however, it is preferably adjusted to approximately the same temperature adjusted for cathode 13 for the purpose of avoid a thermal shock to the fuel cell 10. The amount of combustion in the second combustion chamber 60 is adjusted according to the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of the exhaust heating gas supplied from cathode 13. The amount of combustion in the second combustion chamber 60 is also adjusted in view of the gas composition heating are mixed. Specifically, in order that the mixed heating gas has reduction properties, it is considered how much unburned fuel should be included, and also how much water vapor is needed in the unburned fuel for the purpose to avoid carbon deposition. Therefore, a rich combustion takes place in the second combustion chamber 60, however, combustion is carried out with a ratio between air and fuel kept between less than 1 and the combustion limit (about 0.2 in the case of gasoline).
    As previously described, the exhaust heating gas that does not circulate through the return pipe 17 is mixed with the new heating gas produced by the second combustion chamber 60 disposed on the upstream side of anode 12 until the fuel cell 10 reaches the predetermined temperature. In this way, the heating gas having a temperature that does not cause thermal shock to the fuel cell 10 and that has reducing properties that eliminate the risk of carbon deposition at cathode 13 is supplied to the fuel cell 10 to raise the temperature .
    In step Sa3, the temperature and composition of the exhaust heating gas discharged from cathode 13 and turned towards anode 12 are detected, measured and stored. In the present mode, the temperature of the exhaust heating gas turned towards anode 12 is detected by temperature sensor 62. Temperature sensor 62 is arranged in the flow rate regulation valve 61, however, the temperature detected by the sensor temperature 19 arranged on the discharge side of the gas supplier 50 can be used as a substitute for temperature sensor 62. The flow rate regulating valve 61 includes a measuring device that serves to measure the composition of the heating gas of exhaustion. The composition of the exhaust heating gas is measured by this measuring device. However, the composition can also be estimated from the combustion conditions (air to fuel ratio) in the first combustion chamber 20 due to the fact that the composition gradually approaches the composition of the heating gas produced in the first combustion chamber 20 as previously described. In other words, a configuration can be used in which a selection of gas composition estimation is provided to estimate the composition of the exhaust heating gas based on combustion conditions (air to fuel ratio) in the first combustion chamber 20.
    In step Sa4, the temperature of the heating gas supplied to anode 12 is adjusted.
    In step Sa5, the amount of combustion in the second combustion chamber 60 is adjusted based on the flow rate and temperature of the exhaust heating gas.
    In step Sa6, fuel and air are supplied to the second combustion chamber 60.
    In step Sa7, the new heating gas supplied from the second combustion chamber 60 and the exhaust heating gas discharged from cathode 13 are mixed and supplied to anode 12.
    In step Sa8, a decision is made as to whether or not fuel cell 10 has reached operating temperature. Once it is determined that the operating temperature has been reached, the process proceeds to step Sa9. Otherwise, if the operating temperature has not been reached, then the process returns to step Sa2.
    In step Sa9, the heating and temperature rise operation ends, and the system switches to normal operating mode.
    Referring now to FIGURES 7 to 9, a A3 fuel cell system is explained according to a third modality. In view of the similarity between this third modality and the previous modalities, the parts of the A3 fuel cell system of the third modality that are identical to the parts of the previous modalities will be provided with the same numerical references of the previous modalities. In addition, descriptions of parts of the third modality that are identical to parts of the previous modalities have been omitted for the sake of brevity. FIGURE 7 is a schematic block diagram showing a configuration of the A3 fuel cell system according to the third embodiment. FIGURE 8 is a schematic block diagram of controller B of the fuel cell system A3 according to the third embodiment. FIGURE 9 is a flow chart showing a method of raising the fuel cell temperature performed by controller B of the fuel cell 10 that is used in the fuel cell system A3.
    In addition to the configuration shown in the fuel cell system A1 according to the first embodiment described above, the fuel cell system A3 according to the third embodiment also has a configuration provided with a flow rate regulating valve 61 of the second modality, the temperature sensor 62 of the second modality and a flow rate regulation valve 71.
    A supply pipe 2b is fluidly connected between the intake side of the reformer 30 and the fuel pump 2. Likewise, a supply pipe 30a is fluidly connected between the discharge side of the reformer 30 and the anode 12. The flow rate regulation 61 is arranged between the supply pipe 13a, and the return pipe 61a. The return pipe 61a is fluidly connected between the flow rate regulating valve 61 and the supply pipe 30a. In other words, return pipe 61a is formed to supply anode 12 with at least part of the excess exhaust heating gas discharged from cathode 13 that has not otherwise been circulated back to cathode 13. The valve regulating the flow rate 71 is provided in the return pipe 61a. The flow rate regulating valve 71 is designed in such a way that a supply pipe 71a is fluidly connected between the valve and the intake side of the reformer 30 and the exhaust heating gas can be distributed to anode 12 and reformer 30 Supply pipe 71a constitutes a third return channel for exhaust heating gas to supply back to reformer 30 at least part of the exhaust heating gas discharged from cathode 13. The flow rate adjustment valve 71 it is connected to the output side of controller B for the purpose that it is selectively opened and closed by opening and closing the drive signals emitted from controller B.
    In this embodiment, controller B includes one or more programs that are used in operation of the A3 fuel cell system. Similar to the first modality discussed above, by executing these programs, controller B performs the functions of the first temperature measurement section of the exhaust heating gas B1, of the first measurement section of the flow rate of the heating gas of exhaust exhaust B2, flow rate adjustment section B3, fuel gas supply section Β4, cell temperature measurement section B5, gas temperature adjustment section B6, cell temperature determination section B7 and the B8 mode switching section. However, in this mode, in addition to these functions, controller B also performs the following functions: (1) determine whether the temperature of reformer 30 has reached an operational temperature or not; (2) adjust the fuel and air flow rates to reformer 30 based on the temperature and amount of distribution of the exhaust heating gas discharged from cathode 13 which is supplied back to reformer 30 via the supply pipe 71a when it has been determined that the temperature of the reformer 30 has reached the operating temperature; and (3) supply exhaust heating gas with this flow rate adjusted to reformer 30. The programming and / or hardware of controller B used to perform the function of determining whether reformer 30 temperature has reached an operational temperature or not are referred to as a “B12 operating temperature determination section.” Reformer 30 is equipped with a temperature sensor 30b that serves to acquire temperature data from reformer 30. The programming and / or hardware of controller B used to perform the adjusting the flow rates of fuel and air to reformer 30 are referred to as a “flow rate adjustment section of reformer B13.” The programming and / or hardware of controller B used to perform the function of supplying heating gas from exhaust with this flow rate adjusted to reformer 30 are referred to as a “B14 reformer gas supply section.” The method of raising the temp fuel cell erature using the fuel cell system A3 having the configuration described above is described with reference to FIGURE 9. FIGURE 9 is a flow chart showing the method of raising the temperature of the fuel cell used in the fuel system A3 fuel cell.
    In the present modality, the increase and reduction of the flow rates of hydrogen-containing gas and the air supplied to the first combustion chamber 20 are regulated based on the flow rate and temperature of the exhaust heating gas flowing through the return pipe. 17 such that the mixed heating gas supplied to the cathode 13 reaches a predetermined temperature, as does the fuel cell system A1 described above.
    In step Sc1, the process of raising the temperature of the fuel cell 10 for a starting operation begins, and the process proceeds to step Sc2.
    In step Sc2, reformer 30 is preheated by the exhaust heating gas produced by the third combustion chamber 70. The exhaust heating gas supplied from cathode 13 is applied to the reform reaction in reformer 30, and is avoided a deposition of carbon at cathode 13 by the reformed exhaust heating gas. The temperature adjustment gas of the reformed heating gas is also distributed upstream of the reformer 30 as well as being used for the purpose of mixing it with the reformed heating gas downstream of the reformer 30.
    In step Sc3, a decision is made as to whether reformer 30 has reached operating temperature or not. Once it is determined that the operating temperature has been reached, the process proceeds to step Sc4 if it is determined that reformer 30 has reached the operating temperature. Otherwise, if the operating temperature has not been reached, then the process returns to step Sc2.
    In step Sc4, the flow rates of the fuel and air to the reformer 30 are adjusted based on the quantity of distribution and the temperature of the reformer 30.
    In step Sc5, fuel, air, and exhaust heating gas are supplied to reformer 30.
    First, to bring the reformer 30 to an operating temperature (the operating temperature), the fuel, air, and exhaust heating gas are supplied and mixed in the third combustion chamber 70 in order to produce the exhaust gas. heating. This heating gas is supplied to a heat exchanger 40 provided for the purpose of preheating the reformer 30. Therefore, the temperature of the reformer 30 is high. After the reformer 30 has reached the operating temperature, the exhaust heating gas supplied from cathode 13 and the fuel are supplied to the reformer 30. In this way, the reformed gas is produced.
    Since a tiny amount of oxygen and a large amount and water vapor are included in the exhaust heating gas supplied from cathode 13, the reformed gas in reformer 30 is produced through a partial oxidation reaction and a reaction of water vapor reform. Since the partial oxidation reaction is exothermic and the water vapor reform reaction is endothermic, a balance between the rates of the two reactions is maintained in order to steadily operate the reformer 30, that is, with the purpose of keeping reformer 30 at a predetermined temperature range. Therefore, air is supplied as needed to the reformer 30 in order to increase the rate of the partial oxidation reaction.
    After the reformed exhaust heating gas has been supplied to anode 12, the unburned fuel component included in the discharged reformed gas is burned in the third combustion chamber 70, so that the high temperature combustible gas can be produced and supplied as the temperature regulating gas from reformer 30 to heat exchanger 40. Reformer 30 can be operated stably within the predetermined temperature range, achieving a balance between the reaction rate in reformer 30 and the heat from the gas exhaust heating. The exhaust heating gas supplied from cathode 13 is divided by the flow rate adjustment value 71 provided upstream of reformer 30 into a flow rate provided to reformer 30 for the reform reaction and a flow rate provided downstream of reformer 30 for the purpose of regulating the temperature of the reformed gas.
    Similar to the A2 fuel cell system described earlier, the exhaust heating gas after mixing reduces the reformed gas containing water vapor and poses no risk of carbon deposition, and the amount distributed and the amount of reformed gas produced in reformer 30, that is, the amount of fuel supplied to reformer 30 is regulated in such a way that the predetermined temperature is reached.
    In step Sc6, the reformed mixed heating gas is supplied to anode 12.
    In step Sc7, a decision is made as to whether or not fuel cell 10 has reached operating temperature. Once it is determined that the operating temperature has been reached, the process proceeds to step Sc8. Otherwise, if the operating temperature has not been reached, then the process returns to step Sc4.
    In step Sc8, the heating and temperature rise operation ends, and the system switches to normal operating mode.
    Referring now to FIGURES 10 to 12, we explain an A4 fuel cell system according to a fourth modality. In view of the similarity between this fourth modality and the previous modalities, the parts of the A4 fuel cell system of the fourth modality that are identical to the parts of the previous modalities will have the same numerical references as the parts of the previous modalities. Furthermore, descriptions of parts of the fourth modality that are identical to parts of the previous modalities have been omitted for the sake of brevity. FIGURE 10 is a schematic block diagram showing a configuration of the A4 fuel cell system according to the fourth embodiment. FIGURE 11 is a schematic block diagram of controller B of the fuel cell system A4 according to the fourth embodiment. FIGURE 12 is a flow chart showing a method of raising the fuel cell temperature performed by controller B of the fuel cell 10 which is used in the fuel cell system A4. The fuel cell system A4 according to the fourth modality has the configuration shown in the fuel cell system A1 according to the first previous modality, to which a temperature sensor 63 is provided. The temperature sensor 63 is arranged for measure the temperature of the mixed heating gas supplied to cathode 13 of the fuel cell 10. Temperature sensor 63 is connected to the input side of controller B. In other words, the temperature data acquired from the exhaust heating gas are entered on controller B.
    In this embodiment, controller B includes one or more programs that are used in operation of the A4 fuel cell system. Similar to the first modality discussed above, by executing these programs, controller B performs the functions of the first temperature measurement section of the exhaust heating gas B1, of the first measurement section of the flow rate of the heating gas of exhaust exhaust B2, flow rate adjustment section B3, fuel gas supply section B4, cell temperature measurement section B5, gas temperature adjustment section B6, cell temperature determination section B7 and the B8 mode switching section. However, in this mode, in addition to these functions, controller B also performs the following functions: (1) measuring the temperature of the mixed heating gas supplied to cathode 13; and (2) determine the temperature difference between the mixed heating gas supplied to cathode 13 and the exhaust heating gas flowing through the return pipe 17. The programming and / or hardware of controller B used to perform the The function of measuring the temperature of the mixed heating gas supplied to the cathode is referred to as a “temperature measurement section of the gas supplied from cathode B15.” In the present embodiment, the temperature of the mixed heating gas is measured based on the temperature data acquired by temperature sensor 63. The programming and / or hardware of controller B used to carry out the function of determining the temperature difference between the mixed heating gas supplied to cathode 13 and the exhaust heating gas flowing through the heating pipe return 17 are referred to as a “B16 gas temperature difference determination section.” In other words, the determinate section to the gas temperature difference B16 determines whether the temperature difference between the heating mixed gas supplied to the cathode 13 and the exhaust heating gas discharged from the cathode 13 exceeds a predetermined value or not. Upon determining that this temperature difference is outside a predetermined range, the temperature adjustment section of gas B6 readjustes the temperature of the heating gas supplied to cathode 13 such that the temperature difference is inverted back to the predetermined range . The method of raising the temperature of a fuel cell using the A4 fuel cell system having the configuration described above is described with reference to FIGURE 12. In the present embodiment, the flow rates of the fuel and the air supplied to the first chamber combustion gases 20 are regulated based on the flow rate and temperature of the exhaust heating gas flowing through the return pipe 17 such that the heating gas supplied to cathode 13 reaches a predetermined temperature, similar to the cell system A1 fuel described above.
    In step Sd1, the process of raising the temperature of the fuel cell 10 for a starting operation begins, and the process proceeds to step Sd2.
    In step Sd2, the exhaust heating gas is supplied back through the return pipe 17.
    In step Sd3, the temperatures of the fuel cell 10 and the exhaust heating gas are detected, measured and stored.
    In step Sd4, the temperature of the heating gas supplied to the fuel cell 10 is adjusted. Specifically, the temperature of the heating gas supplied to the fuel cell 10 is adjusted based on the temperature of the fuel cell 10.
    In step Sd5, a decision is made as to whether or not the temperature difference between the fuel cell 10 and the exhaust heating gas is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. Upon determining that this temperature difference is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, the process proceeds to step Sd6. Otherwise, if this temperature difference is not equal to or greater than the predetermined value, then the process proceeds to step Sd10. In other words, a decision is made as to whether the temperature of the supplied heating gas minus the temperature of the exhaust heating gas flowing through the return pipe 17 exceeds the predetermined value or not.
    In step Sd6, the amount of combustion in the first combustion chamber 20 is determined from the temperature and the quantity supplied circulated from the exhaust heating gas.
    In step Sd7, fuel and air are supplied to the first combustion chamber 20 in quantities determined by circulation.
    In step Sd8, the new heating gas and the exhaust heating gas are mixed and supplied.
    In step Sd9, a decision is made as to whether or not the fuel cell 10 has reached a predetermined temperature. When it is determined that the predetermined temperature has been reached, the process proceeds to step Sd11, otherwise, the process returns to step Sd2.
    In step Sd10, in cases where the predetermined value is exceeded, combustion is not carried out in the first combustion chamber 20, and only the exhaust heating gas is supplied through the return pipe 17 to the fuel cell 10. The side a upstream of the fuel cell 10 is thereby cooled while the downstream side is heated, and the temperature can be immediately rectified.
    In step Sd11, the heating and temperature rise operation ends, and the system switches to normal operating mode.
    A summary of the A4 fuel cell system according to the present embodiment is described below. Specifically, when the temperature difference between the upstream and downstream sides of the fuel cell 10 has reached the predetermined value, the heating gas produced in the first combustion chamber 20 is supplied to the fuel cell 10 without combining it with the circulating gas. In other words, a flue gas cooling system supplied to the fuel cell 10 is used, so that the temperature difference between the upstream and downstream sides of the fuel cell 10 can be resolved immediately. The thermal stress created in the fuel cell 10 can be reduced, thereby improving the reliability of the fuel cell 10 during temperature rise. In addition, when the temperature of the supplied heating gas is reduced in cases of a temperature difference upstream / downstream, the fuel cell 10 is cooled, and heat supplied to the fuel cell 10 is temporarily transferred to the heating gas.
    At this point, if the exhaust heating gas is circulated as if it were in the system, the heat supplied to the fuel cell 10 is circulated back to the fuel cell 10, however, in a conventional system that does not circulate the heating gas from exhaust, heat taken from fuel cell 10 flows out of the system. Therefore, extra heat must be provided in order to raise the temperature of the fuel cell 10, inducing that fuel consumption is worsened, however, there is no worsening in fuel consumption during temperature rise in the present system, and upstream / downstream temperature differences can be resolved immediately.
    In the present modality, with a view to improving reliability, a system is used in which the temperature of the heating gas is reduced when a temperature difference upstream / downstream has occurred, however, other options that include the use of a system in which the rate of temperature rise is reduced, a system in which heating gas of the same temperature is supplied, or the like. At this point, an appropriate predetermined value (allowable value) of the upstream / downstream temperature difference is set.
    In cases where the fuel gas temperature is reduced, the predetermined value is preferably set to a comparatively high temperature due to the fact that the temperature difference can be reduced immediately, and in cases where the temperature rise rate is reduced, the value predetermined temperature is set to a comparatively low temperature due to the fact that the temperature difference is resolved at a slow rate. In addition, the temperature difference upstream / downstream can also be resolved by combining systems in which the rate of temperature rise is reduced by a first predetermined value, the temperature is maintained at a second predetermined value, the temperature is reduced by a third predetermined value, etc.
    Although only selected modalities have been chosen to illustrate the present invention, it will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this description that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. . For example, in the present embodiment described above, an example is described in which a gas supplier 50 is provided to the return pipe 17, however, instead of the gas supplier 50 being provided, the cross section of the flow channel of the pipe discharge pipe 13a and return pipe 17 can be designed in such a way that the ratio of fuel gas to air in the first combustion chamber 20 is within the desired range, in view of the amount of air flowing through the cathode 13 when cell cells 15 have reached a predetermined temperature.
    Likewise, for example, the cross sections of the flow channel are not limited to being different from each other; Another option is to properly adjust the lengths of the discharge channel 13a and return tube 17.
    In the present modality, an example was presented in which the gas supplier was provided to the return pipe, however, in another configuration, for example, the gas supplier is shared with an anode circulation part used during the operation mode. normal. Specifically, the switching pipes and valves can be properly connected and, consequently, used for the purpose of functioning as a circulation device for the cathode during temperature rise and for the anode during normal operation.
    An air blower has been described as an example of a gas supplier, however, an ejector, or the like, can also be used properly.
    Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the modalities described above; modifications can be made, such as those described in this document. For example, components that are shown directly connected or in contact with each other can have intermediate structures arranged between them. The functions of an element can be performed by two, and vice versa. The structures and functions of one modality can be adopted in another modality. It is not necessary that all the advantages are present in a particular modality at the same time. Each resource that is exclusive from the prior art, alone or in combination with other resources, should also be considered as a separate description of other inventions by the applicant, including structural and / or functional concepts incorporated by such a resource (s) ( s). Therefore, the foregoing descriptions of the modalities are provided by way of illustration only, and not for the purpose of limiting the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    1. Fuel cell system comprising: a fuel cell (10) that includes a solid electrolyte cell with an anode (12) and a cathode (13), the fuel cell being configured to generate energy by reacting a gas containing hydrogen and a gas containing oxygen; a first combustion chamber (20) arranged to selectively supply a heating gas to the cathode (13) of the fuel cell (10); a first heating gas return channel (17) arranged to mix at least part of the exhaust gas discharged from the cathode (13) with the heating gas of the first combustion chamber (20) in such a way that a mixed heating of the cathode exhaust gas (13) and the heating gas of the first combustion chamber (20) is supplied to the cathode (13); a gas supplier (50) connected to the first heating gas return channel (17) to supply the exhaust gas from the cathode (13) to mix with the heating gas of the first combustion chamber (20); a temperature measurement section of the gas supplied from the cathode (B15) arranged to measure the temperature of the mixed heating gas supplied to the cathode (13); and a gas temperature difference determination section (B16) arranged to determine a temperature difference between the mixed heating gas supplied to the cathode (13) and the exhaust heating gas flowing through the first return channel the heating gas (17); CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it also comprises: a gas temperature adjustment section (B6) arranged to adjust a temperature of the heating gas supplied to the cathode (13) from the first combustion chamber (20) by determining that a temperature difference is outside a predetermined range, such that the temperature difference is reversed back to the predetermined range.
    [2]
    2. Fuel cell system according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises: a second combustion chamber (60) arranged to selectively supply a heating gas to the anode (12) of the fuel cell (10) ; and a second heating gas return channel (61a) arranged to supply at least part of the exhaust gas discharged from the cathode (13) such that the exhaust gas from the cathode (13) mixes with the gas for heating the second combustion chamber (60) in such a way that a mixed gas of the exhaust gas and the heating gas of the second combustion chamber (60) is supplied to the anode (12).
    [3]
    3. Fuel cell system according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the second heating gas return channel (61a) is arranged in such a way that the exhaust gas supplied back to the anode (12) it is just a portion of a total amount of the exhaust heating gas discharged from the cathode (13).
    [4]
    4. Fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it also comprises: a reformer (30) arranged to supply the gas containing hydrogen and the gas containing oxygen to the fuel cell ( 10); an additional heating gas return channel (71a) arranged to supply at least part of the exhaust gas discharged from the cathode (13) to the reformer (30).
    [5]
    5. Fuel cell system, according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it also comprises: a heat exchanger (40) arranged to exchange heat with the reformer (30); a third combustion chamber (70) arranged to selectively supply a heating gas to the heat exchanger (40) through a heating gas supply channel (12b) fluidly connected between the third combustion chamber (70) and the exchanger heat (40).
    [6]
    6. Fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it also comprises: a first temperature measurement section of the exhaust heating gas (B1) arranged to measure a gas temperature. exhaust gas flowing through the first heating gas return channel (17); a first measurement section of the exhaust gas flow rate (B2) arranged to measure an exhaust gas flow rate flowing through the first heating gas return channel (17); a flow rate adjustment section (B3) arranged to adjust the flow rates of the hydrogen containing gas and the oxygen containing gas supplied to the first combustion chamber (20) such that the heating gas supplied from the first chamber of combustion (20) to the cathode (13) reach a predetermined temperature based on the flow rate measured by the first temperature measurement section of the exhaust heating gas (B1) and the temperature measured by the first flow rate measurement section the exhaust heating gas (B2); and a fuel gas supply section (B4) arranged to supply hydrogen containing gas and oxygen containing gas to the first combustion chamber (20) at the flow rates adjusted by the flow rate adjustment section (B3).
    [7]
    7. Fuel cell system, according to claim 6, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it also comprises: a cell temperature measurement section (B5) arranged to measure a temperature of the fuel cell (10), in which the gas temperature adjustment section (B6) is arranged to adjust a temperature of the heating gas supplied from the first combustion chamber (20) to the cathode (13) based on the temperatures measured by the first gas flow rate measurement section exhaust heating gas flow (B2) and through the cell temperature measurement section (B5); a cell temperature determination section (B7) that determines whether the fuel cell (10) has reached an initial operating temperature; and a mode switching section (B8) arranged to switch from a temperature rise mode to a normal operating mode by determining that the fuel cell has reached the initial operating temperature.
    [8]
    8. Fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the gas temperature adjustment section (B6) is arranged to adjust the temperature of the supplied heating gas from the first combustion chamber (20) to increase over time to a target temperature.
    [9]
    9. Fuel cell system according to any one of claims 2 to 8, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it also comprises: a second measurement section of the exhaust heating gas flow rate (B9) arranged to measure a flow rate of the exhaust gas supplied to the anode (12) by the second heating gas return channel (61a); a second exhaust gas temperature measurement section (B10) arranged to measure an exhaust gas temperature supplied to the anode (12) by the second heating gas return channel (61a); and a second flow rate adjustment section (B11) arranged to adjust the flow rates of the hydrogen containing gas and the oxygen containing gas supplied to the second combustion chamber (60) in such a way that a ratio of vapor to carbon of the gas exhaust gas and the temperature of the exhaust gas supplied to the anode (12) reach predetermined values based on the flow rate measured by the second measurement section of the exhaust heating gas flow rate (B9) and the temperature measured by the second section measuring the temperature of the exhaust heating gas (B10).
    [10]
    10. Fuel cell system, according to claim 4 or 5, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it also comprises: a second flow rate adjustment section (B11) arranged to adjust the flow rates of the hydrogen-containing gas and the oxygen-containing one supplied to the reformer (30) in such a way that a ratio between steam and carbon of the fuel gas and the temperature of the fuel gas supplied to the anode (12) reach predetermined values based on the flow rate and the temperature of the gas. exhaust provided to the reformer (30).
    [11]
    11. Fuel cell system, according to claim 10, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it also comprises: an operating temperature determination section (B12) arranged to determine if a reformer temperature (30) has reached an operating temperature of the reformer (30); a reformer flow rate adjustment section (B13) arranged to adjust a rate at which the exhaust gas flows to the reformer (30) based on the reformer temperature (30) determined by the operating temperature determination section (B12 ) and an amount of exhaust gas distribution discharged from the cathode (13) and flowing to the reformer (30) by determining that the temperature of the reformer (30) has reached the operational temperature of the reformer (30); and a reformer gas supply section (B14) arranged to supply the reformer with exhaust gas at an adjusted flow rate.
    [12]
    12. Fuel cell system, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it also comprises: a reformer (30) disposed on an anode inlet side (12) to reform fuel gas supplied to the anode (12 ); a heat exchanger (40) disposed adjacent to the reformer (30) to exchange heat with respect to the reformer (30); and heating gas supply channel on the anode discharge side (12b) arranged to supply heating gas from the combustion chamber on the anode discharge side (70) to the heat exchanger (40).
    [13]
    13. Fuel cell system according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that: during a temperature rise to raise the temperature of the fuel cell (10), the reformer (30), the heat exchanger (40 ) and the combustion chamber on the anode discharge side (70) do not operate, and the combustible gas is not supplied to the anode (12).
    [14]
    14. A solid oxide fuel cell temperature rise method adapted to be performed by a fuel cell system (A1, A2, A3), as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising: producing a gas from heating in a first combustion chamber (20) that receives a gas containing hydrogen and a gas containing oxygen; recirculate at least some exhaust gas discharged from a cathode (13) of a fuel cell (10) back to the cathode (13) using a gas supplier (50) that causes the exhaust gas to mix with the heating gas of the first combustion chamber (20) and flow through the cathode (13) before the fuel cell operation is initiated such that the fuel cell (10) heats up to an operating cell temperature fuel (10); and measuring a temperature of the exhaust gas being recirculated from the cathode (13) before mixing with the heating gas emitted from the first combustion chamber (20); CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it also comprises: adjusting the flow rates of hydrogen-containing gas and oxygen-containing gas to the first combustion chamber (20) in such a way that the heating gas emitted from the first combustion chamber (20) and supplied to the cathode (13) to reach a predetermined temperature; and supplying fuel and gas containing oxygen at flow rates adjusted to the first combustion chamber (20).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE202010004968U1|2010-09-30|
    RU2010114864A|2011-10-20|
    JP5129896B2|2013-01-30|
    CN101988921A|2011-03-23|
    GB0913258D0|2009-09-02|
    CN102648052A|2012-08-22|
    EP2572785A1|2013-03-27|
    RU2537234C2|2014-12-27|
    GB0917555D0|2009-11-25|
    CN202033365U|2011-11-09|
    GB2485325B|2016-04-13|
    UA56577U|2011-01-25|
    US20180120311A1|2018-05-03|
    RU113010U1|2012-01-27|
    US20210190779A1|2021-06-24|
    GB2472882A|2011-02-23|
    EP2279790B8|2013-03-27|
    EP2279790B1|2012-12-19|
    US10969386B2|2021-04-06|
    BR112012002099A2|2016-05-24|
    IN2012DN00834A|2015-06-26|
    RU2012104848A|2013-09-10|
    US20140171344A1|2014-06-19|
    EP2459314B8|2013-08-21|
    GB201203478D0|2012-04-11|
    WO2011012859A1|2011-02-03|
    US9857367B2|2018-01-02|
    CN101988921B|2014-05-14|
    CN102648052B|2014-09-24|
    US20130040834A1|2013-02-14|
    UA101958C2|2013-05-27|
    US8541246B2|2013-09-24|
    GB2485325A|2012-05-09|
    RU2476889C2|2013-02-27|
    HK1174301A1|2013-06-07|
    RU113010U8|2012-05-27|
    EP2459314B1|2013-07-03|
    US20110027914A1|2011-02-03|
    EP2459314A1|2012-06-06|
    JP2012527607A|2012-11-08|
    GB2472882B|2012-05-09|
    DE202010018104U1|2014-02-04|
    US9244069B2|2016-01-26|
    EP2279790A1|2011-02-02|
    GB201006087D0|2010-05-26|
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    法律状态:
    2018-04-10| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2018-11-06| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|Free format text: O DEPOSITANTE DEVE RESPONDER A EXIGENCIA FORMULADA NESTE PARECER POR MEIO DO SERVICO DE CODIGO 206 EM ATE 60 (SESSENTA) DIAS, A PARTIR DA DATA DE PUBLICACAO NA RPI, SOB PENA DO ARQUIVAMENTO DO PEDIDO, DE ACORDO COM O ART. 34 DA LPI.PUBLIQUE-SE A EXIGENCIA (6.20). |
    2019-04-24| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2019-10-15| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2019-12-03| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 29/07/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. (CO) 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 29/07/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GBGB0913258.0A|GB0913258D0|2009-07-29|2009-07-29|Reagent dispenser|
    GBGB0917555.5A|GB0917555D0|2009-07-29|2009-10-07|Sample plate|
    GB1006087.9A|GB2472882B|2009-07-29|2010-04-13|Sample plate|
    PCT/GB2010/001443|WO2011012859A1|2009-07-29|2010-07-29|Sample plate|
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